Raja Ravi Varma
Raja Ravi Varma, born on April 29, 1848, in Kilimanoor, Kerala, was introduced to art by Bharani Thirunal Raja Raji Varma and guided by his uncle, Raja Raja Varma, who incorporated painting into his curriculum. At 13, he debuted at the Travancore royal court under the patronage of Ayilyam Thirunal, who encouraged him to study and copy paintings, observe artists, and explore oil painting. Ravi Varma was deeply inspired by European art, especially the works of Italian masters, admiring their use of light, shadow, and three-dimensionality, which contrasted with the traditional Indian mural style. Facing rejection early on, Ravi Varma remained persistent and secretly learned oil painting from Arumughom Pillai. He aimed to create art that filled India’s artistic and religious void, believing that themes from ancient texts could elevate the quality of art. Raja Ravi Varma’s artwork sought to replace crude and distorted art forms with refined, beautiful depictions. A long-time supporter, Sir T. Madhav Rao, suggested that Ravi Varma consider oleographing his works to meet the growing demand, which he eventually did. Over time, Ravi Varma produced a vast collection of works, including portraits of ordinary people, animals, birds, and landscapes, becoming one of India’s most celebrated artists.
DISTINCTIVE STYLE
Ravi Varma’s art sought to bridge the gap between traditional Indian aesthetics and European realism. He was dedicated to creating works that would elevate the artistic and religious sensibilities of his time. By portraying themes from ancient Indian texts and epics, he aimed to replace the crude, distorted depictions prevalent then with refined, beautiful representations. Ravi Varma’s paintings often depicted gods, goddesses, and mythological scenes with a distinct blend of Indian cultural identity and Western artistic techniques.
Exhibitions
A significant milestone in Ravi Varma’s career was the suggestion by Sir T. Madhav Rao to produce oleographs of his paintings to meet the growing demand for his work. Though it took a decade to materialize, this initiative resulted in the establishment of the Ravi Varma Press, which revolutionized Indian art by making his works widely accessible. Ravi Varma also created a wide array of sketches and paintings that captured the beauty of ordinary life, including depictions of men, women, animals, birds, and landscapes.
HIS LEGACY
Raja Ravi Varma remains one of India’s most celebrated artists, often regarded as the father of modern Indian art. His pioneering efforts in combining traditional themes with European techniques set a new standard for Indian painting. The mass production of his oleographs brought art to the public, democratizing its reach and making it an integral part of Indian households. Ravi Varma’s legacy continues to inspire and influence artists, ensuring his enduring place in the history of Indian art.
